Textual Analysis (GET OUT)

Micro Elements 
-denotation-the literal description of an idea, concept or object 
-connotation-what we associate with a particular idea, concept or object 

-camera language
-sound
-editing
-mise-en-c

Camera Language   
  • shot types 
-an extreme close up-a small section of an object (emphasizes)
-close up-neck and face
-media shot-head to the waist (to show a small part of the background)
-the long shot-whole body is visible
-wide shot-shows a vast area (used to show a location)
-pov-to see the eyes of the character

  • camera angles 
-low angle-looking up at the character, and the character is looking down on you (put the character in a position and makes the viewer feel inferior)
-the high angle-the camera is high and put the character (makes the characters seem vulnerable to puts the viewer in a position of power)
  • -camera movement 
-pan-moves left to right, right to left
-tilt-down to up, up to down 
-tracking short-track in (walking in) track out (walking out)
-crane shot-camera put on a crane (swoops up to down)
-Steadicam-helps to keep a camera steady 

Sound
  • diegetic-refer to the world the text (e.g.dialogue, sound effect, music with a souse within the text)
  • non-diegetic-refers to everything outside the world of text (e.g. voiceover, soundtrack, captions, titles, sound titles)
  • the on-screen sound-the audience can see the sound
  • the off-screen sound-the audience can't see the source of the sound 
  • parallel sound-matches the action 
  • contrapuntal-sound does not match the action 
Mise-en-scene
  • everything in a scene or frame 
  • setting and props 
  • facial expressions and body language 
  • costume, hair, and makeup 
  • lighting and color 
    • a standard set up of lighting (3 point lighting... key(brightest light), filler(soften the harsh shadows), back(creates a silhouette))
  • the positioning of characters and objects in the frame
    • deep focus-where both foreground and background are in focus, this enables the audience to choose where to look
Editing

  • speed of editing- 
    • in a film, each scene may last a matter of seconds or minutes 
    • the length of each sequence establishes the pace of the film moving the action along
    • the speed of editing will help to determine the mood of what is taking place on the screen
    • if the filmmakers want the audience to feel anxiety the editing will be quick, shots changing frequently 
    • if a relaxed mood is desired, the scenes last longer and change less frequently 
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  • style of editing-
    • cross-cutting- to crosscut is to edit together two sequences that the audience needs to know are connected in some way, something is happening at the same time in different locations 
    • the movement from one shot to the next is called a transitions
  • Basic transitions include:
    • straight cut-most common and 'invisible', one-shot moves instantaneously to the next without attracting the audience's attention, straight cut help retain reality.  They do not break the viewer's suspension of disbelief 
    • fade-a gradual darkening or lightening of an image until the screen becomes completely black or white used to indicate the beginning or end of a particular section of time within the narrative, can also show the passing of time 
    • dissolve-when two shots/scenes can be seen at once on the same screen, they will overlap and one will be sheerer than the other in order to see the fading shot 
    • wipe-when a previous shot is pushed off-screen and out of frame by another shot/scene
      • eye-line-match-we see a character looking at something off-screen and then we cut to a shot of what they are looking at 
      • match-on-action-we see a character start an action in one shot and then see them continue it in the next 
    Textual Analysis-GET OUT
    CAMERA LAUNGAGE 

    -one long scene, and one cut 
    -mostly close up
    -towards the end extreme long shot
    SOUND

    -diegetic sound 
    -cricket noises 
    -non-diegetic sound speeds up and increases when the attack
    -sound doesn’t match the action-contrapuntal 
    EDITING 

    -one complete take
    MIS-EN-C 

    -dark lighting
    Representation 
    • Stereotypes-your expectations of something 
    • Countertype-opposite of a stereotype
    • Dominant representation-popular opposition-held by a mass amount of people 
    • Conform-going along with/Challenge-going against (black people are sometimes seen as the victim)

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